Results indicated that successful agers showed significantly more integrative and instrumental forms of reminiscence, which primarily function to reconcile the past, attain a sense of self-worth, and problem solve. Their model consisted of integrative, instrumental, transmissive, narrative, escapist, and obsessive forms of reminiscence. Wong and Watt 1991, in one of the few studies examining reminiscence functions in relation to adaptive aging, developed a taxonomy of six reminiscence types to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful aging. Haight 1991 comprehensively examined reminiscence treatments and noted that there is a continued need to define the factors that lead to successful reminiscing. Although literature supports the use of such treatments through group psychotherapy (Goldwasser, Auerbach, and Harkins 1987 Haight 1991 Rattenberg and Stones 1989 ), much of this information is anecdotal or involves group comparison outcome methodologies, which have traditionally neglected an examination of the factors affecting symptom relief or behavioral change. ![]() Much of the reminiscence literature has focused on the clinical applications of reminiscence and life-review groups in relation to outcome factors such as depression and anxiety. In addition, research has shown that older adults fluctuate with respect to the frequency and degree of pleasantness associated with reminiscence (Fry 1991 ). For example, older adults tend to use their memories primarily as a source of entertainment, whereas young people use their memories mainly as a problem-solving tool (Revere and Tobin 1980 ). Molinari and Reichlin 1984 suggested that reminiscence for older adults reflects qualitative rather than quantitative differences. However, older adults, compared with younger reminiscers, use past experiences for different purposes. Contrary to prior assumptions, age does not necessarily predict the frequency of reminiscence (Romaniuk and Romaniuk 1983 Webster 1994 ). Butler 1963 described reminiscence as a part of the normal life review process brought about by the realization of death and viewed the use of the past as a mechanism that aids individuals in preparing for death by mitigating fear and anxiety. Reminiscence, the recalling of memories from one's past experiences, is a multidimensional process that occurs in people of all ages. Contrary to previous studies, results indicate that depressed and anxious older adults commonly use reminiscence and therefore may be appropriate candidates for reminiscence treatments. Implications: The present study provides implications for both researchers and clinicians. Results:Using canonical correlation techniques, results indicated that individuals with negative psychological functioning frequently reminisce as a way to refresh bitter memories, reduce boredom, and prepare for death. Design and Methods: Seventy-seven healthy older adults completed the following self-report scales: Reminiscence Functions Scale, NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Templer-McMordie Death Anxiety Scale. Research in the area of reminiscence functions may facilitate a better understanding of the factors affecting change in reminiscence therapies. ![]() ![]() There is little research on the psychological factors that correlate with reminiscence, especially in relationship to clinical constructs such as depression and anxiety. ![]() Purpose: The present study examined the relationships between the frequency and functions of reminiscence, personality styles, and psychological functioning.
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